The study is driven by the active use of laboratory animals in genomic and genetic research, which provides cutting-edge and essential scientific data. However, such research deals with significant costs and ethical dilemmas related to the humane treatment of animals.
There is no special legislation regulating the maintenance and use of laboratory animals in the Russian Federation, which requires the development of a regulatory framework that complies with international standards. It is crucial to harmonize the Russian legislation with the principles of bioethics and humane treatment of animals. This issue is also emphasized by initiatives at the level of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and instructions of the President.
The study aims to identify gaps in the existing legislation related to the treatment of laboratory animals in the Russian Federation. The research is based on the analysis of international standards, such as the Three Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement), as well as the experience of foreign countries in the field of regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes.
Special attention is paid to the role of bioethical commissions in ensuring humane treatment of laboratory animals and their impact on the quality of scientific research. The study also aims to develop proposals for improving the regulatory framework, including the creation of a special legislative act regulating all aspects of work with laboratory animals.
The results of the study can be used to develop regulations and methodological recommendations aimed at improving the conditions of keeping laboratory animals and enhancing the quality of scientific research.

One of the most promising areas for providing remote banking and other services is the development of remote identification. Traditional passwords, codes, and messages, the use of which has been seriously compromised in recent years (confirmed by fraud statistics), are being replaced by biometric identification, which helps to remotely identify citizens with a higher degree of accuracy.
Currently, various methods of biometric identification are employed in world practice, but the image of a face and voice are most widespread both in foreign countries and in Russia. At the same time, the development of artificial intelligence makes it possible to forge citizens’ data and calls into question their proper security. Biometric data loss can lead to fraudsters using them and causing harm to an individual.
The legislator has formed the basic requirements for the protection of citizens’ biometric data. However, the risks that arise from remote identification and storage of biometric personal data remain, which is the reason for the low rates of citizens transferring their biometric data in Russia. The solution to this problem is seen in the application of a combination of technological and legal means. An important technical solution seems to be the use of a distributed registry (blockchain), the individual properties of which could ensure the safety of personal data of bank customers. In addition, it is necessary to enforce civil, administrative and criminal liability against persons who collect, process and store biometric personal data of citizens, including bank managers.

The article examines the issues of exercising and protecting civil rights in the field of health care and evaluates new trends in judicial practice. It is revealed that the protection of citizens’ rights in the field of health care is possible when establishing the harmful ef fect, guilt and wrongfulness, as well as the causal relationship not only with the harm and the behavior of the organization, but also property losses. The core objective of the work is to study the current legal framework on the protection of citizens’ health in the Russian Federation. The article also 1) considers the legal status of participants in medical activities, 2) highlights the issues of application of legislation in the field of health care, 3) proposes ways to solve the identified issues of implementation and protection of the rights of citizens in the medical sphere.
The conclusion is that the courts impose the obligation to compensate for damages in favor of patients in case of harm to health or substandard provision of medical services; however, the medical institution does not of ten have enough money, so that the courts cannot recover these amounts from the owner of the property.
The concepts of iatrogenesis, medical error, accident, etc. for bringing to civil liability require clarification as specific features determined by the medical service itself are not taken into account.
The author proposes a flexible approach to regulating medical activity, balancing the interests of patients and the clinical experience of doctors, expanding the possibilities of a medical organization to act in the patients’ best interests.

This article considers the application of blockchain technology in genetic research. The authors also pay attention to the harmonization of interests while addressing ethical and legal issues. Rapid progress in medicine and biotechnology has attracted considerable public interest to genetic information, which thus increased the amount of research in the field of genetics. Consequently, the scientific community faces new challenges pertaining to safe storage and confidentiality of vast genetic datasets. Given the unique properties of blockchain technology, it contributes to the safety, integrity and confidentiality of genetic information. The decentralized and immutable structure of blockchain simplifies safekeeping and administration of confidential genetic data. The article also explores theoretical compatibility between the structure of DNA and blockchain, hypothesizing the potential for developing artificial life forms based on blockchain technology.
The main objective of the research is to define the role of blockchain in genetics and its potential influence on the development of science and resolution of crucial legal issues. The authors conclude that blockchain technology is nowadays a reliable repository of genetic data. Moreover, this technology can form the foundation for the creation of artificial life in the short term. Although artificially created organisms may have an advantage over living organisms, they cannot exist without human control and will generate new ethical and legal issues that will require careful resolution.

China has initially established a system of basic laws, regulations, and policies on geographical indications (GIs) of agricultural products. Furthermore, it has achieved international protection of GIs of agricultural products to a certain extent through the signing of trade treaties, agreements on specialized GIs, and cooperation with industry associations. Nevertheless, the international development of geographical indications of agricultural products in China is facing a number of challenges, namely, unclear management responsibilities, lagging laws, regulations and policies, a large number of GIs of agricultural products that are of variable quality, a weak sense of international branding and insuf ficient market promotion. The European Union, as a developed economy with comprehensive international protection of geographical indications of agricultural products, has advanced legislation and regulations, as well as an ef fective market supervision and industry self-regulation mechanism. It actively promotes international mutual recognition of geographical indications, thereby enhancing the global visibility of these indications and establishing a robust protection framework. Additionally, the EU guides its own agricultural products to the global market.
To promote the global success of its agriculture sector, China should take specific steps to: 1) integrate the relevant management departments; 2) coordinate GIs applications for both primary and processed agricultural products; and 3) to enhance international recognition of its agricultural products bearing GIs.