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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex Genetica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Genetica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-1639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1647</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГЮА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/lexgen-2025-4-4-71-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexgen-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Lex Genetica: частноправовое измерение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lex Genetica: Private-Law Dimension</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовая охрана интересов,   связанных с биоматериалом человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Protection of Interests Related   to Human Biomaterial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюшеева</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayusheeva</surname><given-names>I. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина З. Аюшеева, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры гражданского права</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Z. Ayusheeva, Candidate of Science (Law), Associate Professor, the Department of Civil Law</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izayusheeva@msal.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дина А. Белова, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры гражданского права</p><p> Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina A. Belova, Candidate of Science (Law), Associate Professor, the Department of Civil Law</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аюшеева И.З., Белова Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аюшеева И.З., Белова Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ayusheeva I.Z., Belova D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/89">https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/89</self-uri><abstract><p>Расширение сферы применения биоматериалов человека актуализировало вопрос их правовой природы. В рамках настоящей статьи анализируется правовая природа биоматериала, предназначенного для восстановления здоровья гражданина (оригинатора или реципиента), а также биоматериала, применяемого при формировании коллекций биобанками и проведении научных и клинических исследований. Обосновывается введение категорий «функциональный биоматериал» и «донорский биоматериал», проводится их разграничение, разработаны критерии для дифференциации их правового режима. Донорский биоматериал предлагается классифицировать на биоматериал, связанный с личностью реципиента, и биоматериал, не связанный с личностью реципиента, различая правовой режим таковых. Рассматривается вопрос о возможности совместного использования биоматериала человека в целях проведения научных исследований. Признание указанных объектов нематериальными благами исключает возможность их совместного использования, но при обезличении информации, утрате персонифицированных свойств данные объекты могут формировать коллекции, информация может быть заключена в базы данных, большие данные как результаты интеллектуальной деятельности. Признавая режим результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, за последними необходимо определить границы абсолютного права их использования, допуская свободный доступ и открытость информации при соблюдении ряда условий для проведения научных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The permanently extending scope of human biomaterial application has brought the issue of their legal nature to the forefront. This article analyzes the legal nature of biomaterials intended to restore the health of a citizen (originator or recipient), as well as biomaterials used in the formation of biobanks for conducting, inter alia, scientific and clinical research. The importance of introducing the categories “functional biomaterial” and “donor biomaterial” is underscored; criteria for differentiating their legal regime are developed. It is proposed to classify donor biomaterials into those related to the recipient’s personality and those not related to the recipient's personality. On this basis, the legal regime for each type is distinguished. The possibility of sharing human biomaterial for the purposes of scientific research purposes is considered. The recognition of biomaterial objects as intangible assets excludes the possibility of their joint use; however, under the condition of depersonalization of information and the loss of personalized properties, such objects, representing the results of intellectual activity, can form collections and big data databases. Falling under the legal regime that regulates the results of intellectual activity, the boundaries of the absolute right to use such objects should be defined, assuming free access and openness of information while observing a number of conditions for conducting scientific research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоматериал</kwd><kwd>клетки</kwd><kwd>ткани</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>личные неимущественные права</kwd><kwd>нематериальные блага</kwd><kwd>оригинатор</kwd><kwd>донор</kwd><kwd>реципиент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomaterial</kwd><kwd>cells</kwd><kwd>tissues</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>personal non-property rights</kwd><kwd>intangible assets</kwd><kwd>originator</kwd><kwd>donor</kwd><kwd>recipient</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование подготовлено в рамках реализации государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, реестровый номер 30000Ф.99.1.БВ16АА01000, тема: «Научно-методическое обеспечение работ по правовому регулированию ускоренного развития генетических технологий».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.  Registry number –730000Ф.99.1.БВ16АА01000. Topic (goal) – scientific and methodological support for  work on legal regulation of accelerated development of genetic technologies.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong, C. (2021). Unity, continuity, structure, and function. The ongoing search for a deeper understanding of the many roles attributed to fascia in the living human body - an osteopathic perspective. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 6(3), 026. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.2103026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong, C. (2021). Unity, Continuity, Structure, and Function. The Ongoing Search for a Deeper Understanding of the Many Roles Attributed to Fascia in the Living Human Body-An Osteopathic Perspective. 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