lexgenLex GeneticaLex Genetica3034-16393034-1647МГЮА10.17803/lexgen-2025-4-3-84-100lexgen-82Research ArticleLex Genetica: сравнительно-правовые исследованияLex Genetica: Comparative Legal AnalysisПрименение новых технологий в защите интеллектуальной собственности при торговле сельскохозяйственной продукцией в КитаеApplication of New Technologies for Intellectual Property Protection in Agricultural Trade in ChinaФенгЧонгFengChong

Фенг Чонг, старший преподаватель

Пекин

Feng Chong, Senior Lecturer

Beijing

fengchong422@163.comПекинский cельскохозяйственный университет; Юридическая фирма «Пекин Хуэйхайтяньхэ»Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing Huihaitianhe Law Firm2025131020254384100Copyright © Фенг Ч., 20252025Фенг Ч.Feng C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/82

Китайская сельскохозяйственная торговля сталкивается с серьезными проблемами в области защиты интеллектуальной собственности. К ним относятся такие вопросы, как нарушение прав на географические указания, споры о правах на новые сорта растений и нарушения патентов, связанных с сельскохозяйственными технологиями. Нарушения прав на географические указания становятся все более разнообразными, и их становится сложнее выявлять, при этом платформы электронной коммерции играют все большую роль в распространении поддельной продукции. Права на новые сорта растений часто подрываются контрафактной продукцией и незаконным воспроизводством. Между тем нарушение патентов на сельскохозяйственные технологии сосредоточено в таких областях, как интеллектуальные устройства и биопестициды. Для решения этих проблем используются новые технологии. Блокчейн помогает проверять подлинность продуктов с географическими указаниями, создавая неизменяемую запись о месте и способе их производства. ДНК-дактилоскопия помогает разрешать споры о правах на сорта растений, предоставляя научные доказательства. Большие данные и искусственный интеллект упростили мониторинг и выявление нарушений, как это было продемонстрировано на примере модели борьбы с контрафактной продукцией на Западном озере Лунцзин. Спутниковое дистанционное зондирование и Интернет вещей позволяют осуществлять полный мониторинг процесса выращивания. Однако эти технологии по-прежнему сталкиваются с реальными проблемами. Малый и средний бизнес часто считает их слишком дорогими, а фермеры не всегда готовы их внедрять. Данные также хранятся разрозненно разными ведомствами, и отсутствует согласие относительно международных стандартов. Для решения этих проблем и сокращения расходов могут помочь такие меры, как государственные субсидии, создание национальной платформы данных и продвижение международных технологических стандартов. В будущем важно сочетать новые технологии (5G и искусственный интеллект) с традиционными методами для создания надежной системы защиты интеллектуальной собственности в сельском хозяйстве. Это поможет поддержать сельское хозяйство Китая и укрепить его позиции на мировом рынке.

In China, the sphere of agricultural product trade is facing challenges associated with protection of intellectual property rights. Among the key issues are geographical indication infringement, disputes over rights on new plant varieties, and patent violations related to agricultural technology. Geographical indication infringement is becoming more varied and harder to detect, with e-commerce platforms increasingly being responsible for spreading fake products. New plant variety rights are frequently undermined by counterfeit goods and illegal reproduction. Meanwhile, infringement of agricultural technology patents is concentrated in such areas as smart devices and bio-pesticides. The above issues are addressed using new technologies. Thus, blockchain is instrumental in verifying the authenticity of geographical indication of products by creating an unchangeable record of their production history. DNA fingerprinting helps resolve disputes over plant variety rights by providing solid scientific evidence. Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) have made it easier to monitor and identify infringements, as demonstrated by the anti-counterfeiting model successfully applied in the West Lake Longjing. Satellite remote sensing and the Internet of Things enable comprehensive monitoring of the production process. However, the practical implementation of these technologies faces a number of difficulties. Smalland medium-sized businesses often find them unaffordable, and farmers are not always willing to adopt them. Data is stored by different departments, being fragmentary. The technologies are not always consistent with international standards. These issues can be solved by provision of governmental subsidies to optimize costs, creation of a national data platform, and promotion of international standards for technologies. In the future, in order to create a reliable, smart system for protecting agricultural intellectual property, new technologies (5G and AI) should be combined with conventional methods. This will support China’s agriculture and promote its positions in the global market.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.