lexgenLex GeneticaLex Genetica3034-16393034-1647МГЮА10.17803/lexgen-2025-4-3-73-83lexgen-81Research ArticleLex Genetica: сравнительно-правовые исследованияLex Genetica: Comparative Legal AnalysisСистема сохранения генетических ресурсов Китая: анализ истории её развития, существующие проблемы и рекомендацииChina’s Genetic Resource Conservation System: Development History, Existing Issues, and RecommendationsДонгДжингсханDongJingshan

Донг Джингсхан, профессор

Пекин

Dong Jingshan, Professor

Beijing

jingshandong@bua.edu.cnПекинский сельскохозяйственный университетBeijing University of Agriculture202513102025437383Copyright © Донг Д., 20252025Донг Д.Dong J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/81

Китай, обладая богатым наследием аграрной цивилизации, располагает обширными генетическими ресурсами зародышевой плазмы. Однако в прошлом их охране уделялось недостаточное внимание. После основания Нового Китая и особенно после начала реформ и политики открытости в стране начала формироваться правовая система защиты этих ресурсов. Основой этой системы стал Закон о семенах, дополненный рядом нормативных актов, включая Положение об охране дикорастущих растений, Закон о животноводстве и Патентный закон, которые вместе составляют правовую систему защиты генетических ресурсов. Несмотря на достигнутый прогресс, действующая система правовой охраны генетических ресурсов все еще нуждается в совершенствовании, поскольку сохраняются проблемы отсутствия системности и должной защиты. Законодательство о генетических ресурсах зародышевой плазмы следует рассматривать комплексно и системно. Защита этих ресурсов должна стать приоритетом национального уровня. Не менее важно повысить осведомленность всех граждан о защите генетических ресурсов зародышевой плазмы.

As a country with a long history of agricultural civilization, China possesses ample genetic germplasm resources. For historical reasons, the conservation of genetic germplasm resources in China has received insufficient attention. Following the foundation of New China, especially since the reform and opening-up period and with the development of the social rule of law, China has gradually established a legal protection system for genetic germplasm resources. This system takes the Seed Law as the core, and the Regulations on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, the Regulations on the Protection of Wild Plants, the Animal Husbandry Law, and the Patent Law as the supporting laws and regulations. Taken together, these regulations constitute the legal system for the protection of genetic resources. However, a number of issues remain unresolved, including the lack of consistency and completeness of the protection system. The legislation on genetic germplasm resources should be considered as a single and consistent mechanism. Multi-dimensional protection should be elevated to the level of national sovereignty. The awareness among all citizens regarding the importance of protecting genetic germplasm resources should be enhanced.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.