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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex Genetica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Genetica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-1639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1647</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГЮА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/lexgen-2025-4-3-7-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexgen-78</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Lex Genetica: международно-правовое измерение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lex Genetica: International-Lew Dimension</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регулирование использования микроорганизмов и их метаболитов в пищевой и кормовой промышленности: интеграционно-правовой аспект</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulation of the Use of Microorganisms and their Metabolites in the Food and Feed Industry: Integration Law Aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2478-7070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некотенева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekoteneva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария В. Некотенева, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры интеграционного и европейского права</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Nekoteneva, Candidate of Science (Law), Associate Professor of the Department of Integration and European Law</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvnekoteneva@msal.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Некотенева М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Некотенева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nekoteneva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/78">https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/78</self-uri><abstract><p>Правовое регулирование использования генетических технологий в пищевой и кормовой промышленности – сложная и многоаспектная область, требующая баланса между возможностью развития и применения высоких технологий, обеспечением безопасности (в том числе продовольственной) и соблюдением этических норм. В частности, когда речь заходит о микроорганизмах и их метаболитах, используемых для производства пищевых продуктов и кормов, возникает необходимость в четких нормах, определяющих допустимые границы применения генетических модификаций, гарантирующих отсутствие рисков для здоровья человека, животных, окружающей природной среды. В действующем российском законодательстве отсутствует четкое определение понятия «штамм-продуцент», что создает правовую неопределенность. В отношении вопросов регулирования применения микроорганизмов, в том числе генетически модифицированных, и продуктов их метаболизма в пищевой и кормовой промышленности Европейского союза (ЕС) и Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) следует отметить, что в Европейском союзе действует комплексная система оценки безопасности и авторизации микроорганизмов и их метаболитов, используемых в качестве пищевых или технологических добавок. Учитывая возрастающую роль микроорганизмов, полученных с применением технологий редактирования генома для пищевой и кормовой промышленности, а также в целях формирования единого рынка в рамках ЕАЭС, важно выработать сбалансированный подход к их регулированию, обеспечивающий как развитие биотехнологий, так и защиту здоровья человека и окружающей среды, а также согласованность применения национальных актов стран-участниц.Целью данной статьи является выявление особенностей правового регулирования применения штаммов-продуцентов в ЕС, выявление основных принципов и подходов, применяемых в данной юрисдикции, а также их сопоставление с существующими нормами регулирования в ЕАЭС. При регулировании использования микроорганизмов, полученных путем редактирования генома, важно учитывать требования к оценке рисков, авторизации и маркировке, а также особенности регулирования метаболитов микроорганизмов, используемых в качестве пищевых и технологических добавок. Дальнейшее изучение опыта ЕС в рассматриваемой сфере, а также особенностей регулирования использования метаболитов микроорганизмов в пищевой и кормовой промышленности в иных юрисдикциях (например, в США) и адаптация лучших практик регулирования этих стран для права ЕАЭС (включая создание систем оценки безопасности и гармонизацию требований) будет способствовать созданию и развитию единого рынка и повышению конкурентоспособности продукции стран – членов ЕАЭС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Legal regulation in the field of using genetic technologies in the food and feed industry is a complex and multifaceted process that requires a balance between the possibility of developing and implementing high-tech solutions, while ensuring safety (including food safety) and compliance with ethical standards. Thus, the use of microorganisms and their metabolites for food and feed production requires transparent standards defining the permissible ranges of genetic modifications to mitigate risks to both human and animal health and the environment. In Russia, the current legislation lacks the definition of a “producer strain”, which creates legal uncertainty. In the EU, a comprehensive system for assessing the safety and authorization of microorganisms and their metabolites used as food or technological additives is applied. Given the increasing role of microorganisms modified by genome editing technologies in the food and feed industry, as well as the task of forming a common market within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), a balanced approach to regulating this sphere is needed. Such an approach should support biotechnology development while ensuring protection of human health and the environment, as well as the consistency of national laws of the participating countries. This article aims to analyze and compare the main principles and approaches of legal regulation in the EU and the EAEU regarding the use of producer strains. The regulation of the use of microorganisms obtained by genome editing should incorporate the requirements for risk assessment, authorization, and labeling, and to consider the specifics of regulating the use of microorganism metabolites as food and technological additives. Further analysis of the experience accumulated in the EU and other jurisdictions (e.g., the USA) and the adaptation of best regulatory practices to the EAEU conditions, including the creation of safety assessment systems and harmonization of requirements, will facilitate the development of a common market and increase the competitiveness of products from EAEU member states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>генетические технологии</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd><kwd>метаболиты</kwd><kwd>штамм-продуцент</kwd><kwd>пищевая промышленность</kwd><kwd>кормовая промышленность</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>Евразийский экономический союз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>genetic technologies</kwd><kwd>microorganisms</kwd><kwd>metabolites</kwd><kwd>producer strain</kwd><kwd>food industry</kwd><kwd>feed industry</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>Eurasian Economic Union</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование подготовлено в рамках реализации государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, реестровый номер 30000Ф.99.1.БВ16АА01000, тема: «Научно-методическое обеспечение работ по правовому регулированию ускоренного развития генетических технологий».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted within the framework of the project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, register number 30000F.99.1.BV16AA01000, “Scientific and methodological support of works on legal regulation of accelerated development of genetic technologies”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багрянцева, О.В, Шевелева, С.А. 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