lexgenLex GeneticaLex Genetica3034-16393034-1647МГЮА10.17803/lexgen-2023-2-1-95-107lexgen-13Research ArticleСтатьиГенетика поведения в ракурсе гражданско-процессуального доказыванияBehavioural Genetics in the Context of Proof Within Civil ProcedureСельковаА. А.Sel’kovaA. A.

кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры гражданского процесса

Candidate of Legal Sciences, Assistant Professor of the Civil Procedure Department

a.a.selkova@uslu.suУральский государственный юридический университет имени В. Ф. ЯковлеваUral State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev2023041120232195107Copyright © Селькова А.А., 20232023Селькова А.А.Sel’kova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/13

С момента своего оформления в качестве отдельной отрасли научного знания генетика поведения вызывает множество этических, правовых и социальных вопросов. Выявление генетических истоков поведения выходит за пределы научной сферы в такие социально значимые области, как правосудие, образование и здравоохранение. Развитие новых методов и аналитических подходов, включая секвенирование генома, неинвазивное пренатальное тестирование и оптогенетику, явно изменило направление дальнейшего развития генетики поведения, которая преобразовала правовые и социальные контексты биомедицинских исследований, анализируемые в данной статье. Автор указывает на расширение сферы применения генетики поведения, ставшее заметным во многих государствах, акцентирует внимание на этических, правовых, социальных и политических вопросах, возникающих в связи с потенциальными возможностями применения генетики поведения для целей доказывания в судопроизводстве. Делается вывод о значительной ценности генетики поведения и поведенческих генетических доказательств для целей определения значимых обстоятельств по делу и вынесения судом законного и обоснованного решения. На примере конкретных категорий дел (гражданско-правовые деликты и дела об установлении опеки) показано, каким образом применение генетики поведения позволит гарантировать надлежащую защиту прав некоторых уязвимых групп населения (несовершеннолетних и лиц, страдающих психическими расстройствами).

Since being established as a separate branch of scientific knowledge, behavioural genetics has raised many ethical, legal and social questions. The identification of the genetic origins of behaviour is expanding beyond the scientific field into socially relevant areas such as justice, education and health care. The development of new techniques and analytical approaches, including genome sequencing, non-invasive prenatal testing and optogenetics, has clearly changed the direction of further development of behavioural genetics. This has also transformed the legal and social contexts of biomedical research analysed in this article. The author discusses the expanded scope of behavioural genetics which has become prominent in many countries. The author further focuses on the ethical, legal, social and political issues raised by the potential application of behavioural genetics used for evidentiary purposes in legal proceedings. The author draws the conclusion that behavioural genetics and behavioural genetic evidence are of significant value in determining circumstances relevant to a given case, thus assisting the court in coming to a legitimate and well-reasoned decision. By examining specific categories of cases (civil torts and guardianship cases), the author shows how the application of behavioural genetics can ensure that the rights of certain vulnerable groups (juveniles and persons with mental health problems) are adequately protected.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.