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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex Genetica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Genetica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-1639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1647</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГЮА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/lexgen-2023-2-1-79-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexgen-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Всеобщая декларация о биоэтике и правах человека в экзистенциальном измерении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Existential Dimension of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пржиленский</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Przhilenskiy</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры философии и социологии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor of the Philosophy and Sociology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viprzhilenskij@msal.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пржиленский В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пржиленский В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Przhilenskiy V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/12">https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/12</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется эволюция значений и смыслов базовых понятий гуманизма во второй половине ХХ и начале XXI вв. Речь идет о таких фундаментальных философских концептах, как природа человека, его бытие, права человека, свобода, воля, справедливость. Сравнительный анализ двух важнейших документов в этой области – «Всеобщей декларации прав человека» и «Всеобщей декларации о биоэтике и правах человека» – позволяет зафиксировать существенный концептуальный сдвиг в этой области. Среди основных маркеров такого сдвига называются введение во «Всеобщей декларации о биоэтике и правах человека» в оборот понятия экзистенции, необходимое для характеристики способностей человека. Также значимым представляется отношение к справедливости, которое определяется через понятие ощущения. Ничего подобного нет в тексте преамбулы «Всеобщей декларации прав человека», что позволяет говорить об изменении понимания феномена человека, произошедшем за полвека, разделяющего две вышеназванные декларации. В статье также анализируется полемика между Ж.-П. Сартром и М. Хайдеггером, которая сыграла ключевую роль в переосмыслении гуманизма как философской концепции и системы ценностей. Ж.-П. Сартр аргументированно отвергает идентификацию экзистенциализма как пессимистического мировоззрения, доказывая гуманистическую природу учения о человеческой субъективности. М. Хайдеггер настаивает на онтологической нагруженности всех основных исторических типов гуманизма, показывая их зависимость от метафизического контекста. Обсуждается тема сохранения универсалистской перспективы для понимания идеи прав человека с обновлением её интерпретации в контексте философии существования. Делается вывод об актуальности углубленной философской интерпретации базовых понятий биоэтики и права.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article explores the evolution of values and meanings of basic concepts of humanism in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The author analyses such fundamental philosophical notions as the nature and existence of man, human rights, freedom, will, and justice. Comparative analysis of the two most important documents in this field, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, shows a conceptual shift in the aforementioned topic. One of the main reasons for such a shift is the introduction in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of the notion of ‘existence’ as being necessary for the description of human abilities. Also worthy of attention is the approach to justice described by means of awareness. Such notions are absent in the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, suggesting that a new understanding of the phenomenon of man has emerged in the past half-century, thus distinguishing one document from another. The article also analyzes the controversy between J.-P. Sartre and M. Heidegger which played a key role in rethinking humanism as a philosophical concept and value system. Sartre reasonably rejects the identification of existentialism as a pessimistic worldview, arguing that the doctrine of human subjectivity is humanistic in nature. In turn Heidegger highlights the ontological nature of all historical types of humanism, showing their dependence on the metaphysical context. The article discusses the notion of maintaining the universalist perspective, in order to better understand the idea of human rights in a new interpretation through the prism of the philosophy of existence. The conclusion drawn outlines the relevance of an in-depth philosophical interpretation of the basic concepts of bioethics and law.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>экзистенция</kwd><kwd>справедливость</kwd><kwd>экзистенциализм</kwd><kwd>гуманизм</kwd><kwd>онтология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>existence</kwd><kwd>justice</kwd><kwd>existentialism</kwd><kwd>humanism</kwd><kwd>ontology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">статья подготовлена в рамках госзадания «Российская правовая система в реалиях цифровой трансформации общества и государства: адаптация и перспективы реагирования на современные вызовы и угрозы (FSMW-2023-0006)». Регистрационный номер: 1022040700002-6-5.5.1.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the article was prepared within the framework of the state assignment entitled ‘The Russian legal system in in the realities of digital transformation of society and the state: adaptation and prospects for responding to modern challenges and threats (FSMW-2023-0006)’. Registration number: 1022040700002-6-5.5.1.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асеева, И.А., Волохова, Н.В., Гребенщикова, Е.Г., Кравцова, Е.С., Мещерякова, Т.В., Михайлова, И.П., ... Силуянова, И.В. (2017). ‘Русская традиция’ в биоэтике: этико-аксиологические основания. 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