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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexgen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex Genetica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Genetica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-1639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-1647</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МГЮА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/lexgen-2026-5-2-24-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexgen-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Lex Genetica: частноправовое измерение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lex Genetica: Private-Law Dimension</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовые аспекты посмертного использования репродуктивного материала в программе вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Aspects of Posthumous Use of Reproductive Material in Assisted Reproductive Technology Programs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габай</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabay</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Г. Габай, кандидат юридических наук, адвокат, председатель Совета учредителей </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina G. Gabay, Candidate of Sciences (Law), Attorney-at-law, Chair </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina.gabay@kormed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сокова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения А. Сокова, кандидат юридических наук, юрист</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Sokova, Candidate of Sciences (Law), Lawyer</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АНО «Национальный аналитико-экспертный центр здравоохранения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Council of Founders of the National Analytical and Expert Center for Healthcare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Агентство репродуктивной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Agency of Reproductive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Габай П.Г., Сокова Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Габай П.Г., Сокова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gabay P.G., Sokova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/104">https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/104</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена правовым проблемам посмертного использования биологического репродуктивного материала (половых клеток, тканей репродуктивных органов и эмбрионов in vitro), сохраненного в рамках программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ). На основе систематизации четырнадцати судебных актов 2018–2026 гг. выделены два типа споров: требование пережившего партнера о посмертном использовании биоматериала и требования третьих лиц (родителей, иных родственников). Показано, что исход дела предопределяется не столько фактическими обстоятельствами и формулировкой информированного добровольного согласия (ИДС), сколько доктринальной установкой суда относительно роли прижизненного волеизъявления. Выявлена системная невозможность реализации прав третьих лиц на биоматериал умершего в условиях действующего закрытого перечня показаний к ВРТ. Особое внимание уделено онкофертильности как специфическому контексту посмертной репродукции. Авторы обосновывают необходимость введения института специального (репродуктивного) волеизъявления и обозначают ключевые направления законодательного урегулирования, требующие внимания в рамках совершенствования Федерального закона № 323-ФЗ, Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации и Порядка использования ВРТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article addresses the legal problems associated with the posthumous use of biological reproductive material (gametes, reproductive organ tissues, and in vitro embryos) preserved within assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. The conducted review of 14 judicial acts of 2018–2026 identified two major types of disputes: the claim of a surviving partner for the posthumous use of biomaterial and the claim of third parties (parents, other relatives) for the right to dispose of the biomaterial of the deceased. The author shows that the outcome of such cases is determined primarily by the doctrinal approach of the court regarding the role of the lifetime declaration of will, rather than by the factual circumstances or the wording of the informed voluntary consent (IVC). The systemic impossibility of protecting the rights of third parties to the biomaterial of the deceased under the existing closed list of indications for ART is revealed. Particular attention is paid to oncofertility as a specific context of posthumous reproduction. The authors argue for the introduction of a dedicated institution of a special (reproductive) declaration of will and identify the key directions for legislative reform, including amendments to Federal Law No. 323-FZ, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and the ART Procedure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии</kwd><kwd>эмбрион in vitro</kwd><kwd>посмертная репродукция</kwd><kwd>онкофертильность</kwd><kwd>информированное добровольное согласие</kwd><kwd>наследование</kwd><kwd>репродуктивное волеизъявление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>assisted reproductive technologies</kwd><kwd>in vitro embryo</kwd><kwd>posthumous reproduction</kwd><kwd>oncofertility</kwd><kwd>informed voluntary consent</kwd><kwd>inheritance</kwd><kwd>reproductive declaration of will</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахметьянова, З.А., Гараева, Г.Х., Низамиева, О.Н., Опыхтина, Е.Г. 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