lexgenLex GeneticaLex Genetica3034-16393034-1647МГЮА10.17803/lexgen-2026-5-1-81-92lexgen-100Research ArticleLex Genetica: сравнительно-правовые исследованияLex Genetica: Comparative Legal AnalysisПатентоспособность и управление генетическими ресурсами открытого моря: исследование на примере антарктического криляPatentability and Governance of High Seas Genetic Resources: A Case Study of Antarctic KrillЧонгФенгChongFeng

Фенг Чонг, юридический факультет

Пекин

Feng Chong, Faculty of Law

Beijing

fengchong422@163.comПекинский cельскохозяйственный университетBeijing University of Agriculture202616052026518192Copyright © Чонг Ф., 20262026Чонг Ф.Chong F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexgen.msal.ru/jour/article/view/100

Генетический потенциал антарктического криля и других генетических ресурсов значителен. Многочисленные проекты секвенирования генома выявляют все больше функциональных генов и возможных путей для инноваций. Правовые и этические последствия патентования этих инноваций остаются в значительной степени неизученной областью. В недавно принятом Организацией Объединенных Наций Соглашении о биологическом разнообразии в открытом море (BBNJ), устанавливающем новые международные рамки для морского биоразнообразия, содержится положение о распределении выгод от использования генетически немодифицированных организмов в океане. Остается неясным, как это положение будет регулировать существующие патенты на генетические ресурсы океана. В данной статье рассматриваются существующие права интеллектуальной собственности на криль и инновации в контексте новейшей международной правовой базы для генетических ресурсов открытого моря. Утверждается, что новая правовая база может разрешить патентование инноваций на криль, но в силу характера ресурсов, находящихся в общественном достоянии, необходимо проявлять определенную осторожность, чтобы учесть интересы общего наследия человечества.

The genetic potential of Antarctic krill and other marine genetic resources offers significant scope for innovation, with ongoing genome sequencing projects continually revealing new functional genes and potential pathways. However, the legal and ethical implications of patenting these innovations remain largely unexplored. While the recent UN Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement introduces a benefit-sharing provision for genetically unmodified marine organisms, its application to existing patents on oceanic genetic resources is yet to be determined. This paper examines the current intellectual property rights pertaining to krill within the framework of this new international legal instrument governing high seas genetic resources. It argues that while the BBNJ Agreement may permit krill patenting, the common heritage of humanity principle necessitates a degree of self-restraint to mitigate concerns arising from their public domain resource character.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.